Notes after review:

Internal pull up resistor

Add a ground layer (leave room to solder)

Electronics Design

Assignment:

Draw a circuit board

redraw the echo hello-world board, add (at least) a button and LED (with current-limiting resistor), check the design rules, make it, and test it

Group:

use the test equipment in your lab to observe the operation of a microcontroller circuit board

Wires: (https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wire-gauges-d_419.html\)

switch

  button

  slide

Resistor: I=V/R

1206 size is standard - because there is room to run traces underneath.

Capacitor:

C = Q/V (ration on the charge to the voltage), I = C dV/dt (rate of change of voltage)

unpolarized / polarized

Rated by: 1206 size, voltage, Farrad (amount of charge)

Crystal (tell time, 50ppm = 50 millions of a second pr. second dt/t)

Resonator (like crystals but have capacitatos build in, and are less precises).

inductor: V = L dI/dt

Energy lagres i et magnetic field. DC can go through, but high frequencies can't.

Important for radio transmitters

Diode: current from anode to cathode. Conduct in one (alphabetic) direction - from A to C.

The bar is the catode - the green/black line.

  PN

  Schottky

  Zener: Clips the voltage on one side.

  LED: Specified by wavelenght, candella and light diversion.

A diode doesn't have resistance (R) - so it will draw a much current (I) as the power supply can support. U= R * I.

Limit the I (to XX mAmp) by adding a current limiting resistor.

Transistor

Bipolar: collector, emitter, base current gain (we are not using this).

mosfet: source, drain, gate resistance

Can handle quite a lot of power.

Rds on max = the mosfet does not consume a lot of power.

Battery, regulator

Example: Battery - to capacitor - to regulator - to capacitor - til microprocessor

6 V in to get 5 volts out, around 100 MA.

P = I^2 R = I V

If you use lot of power = use a DC-to-DC converter.

op-amp: differential gain, negative feedback (now build in to Microcontrollers)

Microcontroller:

Denne uge: Attiny44

http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/ATTINY44A-SSU/ATTINY44A-SSU-ND/1914708

Datasheets:

http://www.microchip.com/mymicrochip/filehandler.aspx?ddocname=en590191

Datasheet complete:

http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/DeviceDoc/doc8183.pdf

Sensors (later weeks):

Actuators (later weeks):

Electronics design:

https://artofelectronics.net/

Kirchoff's laws: sum current at node, voltage around loop = 0

Power: P = I^2 R = I V

How long will a battery last

How much heat does it

EDA Electronic Design A....

Drawing should be hierarchical and parametric.

Packages, footprints (find with supplier)

Component libraries: Digi-key has 10.000 10k resistors.

Pick the part and the packange

PCB width trace calculator

--> Use a special tool!

Steps:

• schematic entry
• component placement
• (auto)routing
• simulation
• fabrication

Design rules: The ones we meassured in the PCB week.

Routing layers, power planes, ground pours

Not recommending:

Circuits https://www.tinkercad.com/circuits

Virtual Breadboard http://www.virtualbreadboard.com/

Fritzing http://fritzing.org/home/

For us:

• Eagle https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/free-download
• Eagle - Fusion 360 integration: https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/fusion-360-integration-eagle
• Component Library: fab.lbr - https://pub.pages.cba.mit.edu/libraries/eagle/fab.lbr

From component vendors:

• DesignSpark https://www.rs-online.com/designspark/pcb-software
• MultiSIM https://www.mouser.dk/MultiSimBlue/
• BLUE

Community tools

• gEDA - http://www.geda-project.org/
• KiCad - open source, powerfull but less integrated http://kicad-pcb.org/

Professional tools:

• Altium http://www.altium.com/
• Circuit Maker (Altium entry level tool) https://circuitmaker.com/
• Solidwork PCB (powered by Altium)http://www.solidworks.com/sw/products/electrical-design/solidworks-pcb.htm

Tools to create Integrated Circuits:

• OrCAD http://www.orcad.com/
• Cadence https://www.cadence.com/
• Synopsys https://www.synopsys.com/
• Mentor https://www.mentor.com/
• Tanner https://www.mentor.com/tannereda/
• Magic http://opencircuitdesign.com/

Simulators:

• SPICE
• LTspice
• ngspice
• gSpiceUI
• Falsted: http://www.falstad.com/circuit/ (den ser god ud)

Gnucap Qucs Oregano Multisim

Programming languages to create circuits (high complexity):

Verilog VHDL

Neils code to produce PCB:

kokompe pcb.cad sample, kokopelli pcb.py sample, mods

Test equipment

First: check voltage, Then check signal

Ossilioscope: - meassure and show voltage in wave form.

Multimeter: DMM COMPACT AUTO

USB-ossiliscope (Google Search)

Assignment:

Play with different tools

Pin for reset

Capacitor: To clean up the power ie induction from wire.

FTDI connector:

• RTS (ready to send)
• Ground
• Power
• Tx Transmit (talk to computer)
• Rx Receive

Crystal to tell time.

Traces and outline for PCB design.

Redraw:

Need a library to redraw.

PB2 and PB7 are free

• One pin add button and go to groun

• The other add led and a current limiting resistor.

Check design rules

Make it

Test it

• Send and receive a charater from computer to board and back.
• Run the premade program using FabTiny (http://academy.cba.mit.edu/classes/embedded_programming/hello.ftdi.44.cad\)
• http://academy.cba.mit.edu/classes/embedded_programming/hello.ftdi.44.echo.mp4

In two weeks: We will write programm for the TinyChip.

Extra: Simulate it's operation - render it (KiCAP / Fusion)

Link samling:

http://academy.cba.mit.edu/classes/embedded_programming/index.html#echo

Board:

Group assignment:

Use power supply

Use DMM Multimeter:

Use Ossiliscope

• What does the signal look like, whne

From microcontroller - via datasheet to own made board:

http://archive.fabacademy.org/archives/2016/fablabbcn2016/students/346/Week06.htm

http://archive.fabacademy.org/archives/2017/fablabaldeias/students/473/week6.html

http://archive.fabacademy.org/archives/2017/fablabmadridceu/students/120/post6.html

http://archive.fabacademy.org/archives/2016/fablabamsterdam/students/205/assignments/wk06.html